X射線衍射法是表面/次表面殘余應(yīng)力測定技術(shù)中為數(shù)不多的無損檢測法之，是根據(jù)材料或制品晶面間距的變化測定應(yīng)力的，至今仍然是研究較為廣泛、深入、成熟的殘余應(yīng)力分析和檢測方法之，被廣泛的應(yīng)用于科學(xué)研究和工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的各域。2012年日本Pulstec公司開發(fā)出基于全二維探測器技術(shù)的新代X射線殘余應(yīng)力分析儀——μ-X360n，將用X射線研究殘余應(yīng)力的測量速度和精度推到了個全新的高度，設(shè)備推出不久便得到業(yè)界的廣泛好評。由于其技術(shù)進(jìn)、測試數(shù)據(jù)可重復(fù)性高、使用便攜等勢，經(jīng)推出便備受業(yè)界青睞！

圓形全二維面探測器個突出的勢就是X射線單角度次入射到樣品即可得到個完整的德拜環(huán)，次性獲得500個數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行高精度數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算，因而不再需要測角儀，從而擺脫了測角儀對不規(guī)則形狀樣品測試局限，使斜面、弧面、球面等不規(guī)則形狀樣品的殘余應(yīng)力測量成為了可能。除常規(guī)樣品外，基于全二維面探技術(shù)的便攜式X射線殘余應(yīng)力分析儀可以測試圓棒、軸承、底盤、螺絲、滾珠絲杠/桿、消聲器、連桿、排氣管、吊掛構(gòu)件、角焊區(qū)、齒輪齒牙、車輪、管道、油罐、各種壓力容器、橋梁等各種工件和構(gòu)件的殘余應(yīng)力，其中以焊接殘余應(yīng)力檢測/焊縫殘余應(yīng)力檢測、管道殘余應(yīng)力（尤其鋼管殘余應(yīng)力）檢測、切削殘余應(yīng)力檢測、油罐殘余應(yīng)力檢測和齒輪殘余應(yīng)力檢測在工業(yè)和科研中應(yīng)用為廣泛。

2018年，日本Pulstec公司成功克服技術(shù)難點(diǎn)，發(fā)布了新的產(chǎn)品型號：μ-X360s，將全二維面探測器技術(shù)的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)和功能完善再次升！目前，PULSTEC已經(jīng)在全球17個國家安裝了超過450臺便攜式X射線殘余應(yīng)力分析儀，被用于諸多大學(xué)和研究實(shí)驗(yàn)室中，包括日本、美國、英國、德國、中國和新加坡，以及許多工程制造企業(yè)，別是諸如汽車、機(jī)械、航空航天域等等各個行業(yè)，眾多客戶也進(jìn)行了很多有意義的研究工作并發(fā)表了大量文章，近期我們對這些文章進(jìn)行收集并按照應(yīng)用及不同材料歸類整理，希望可以幫助廣大科研工作者更好了解PULSTEC μ-X360系列殘余應(yīng)力分析儀的強(qiáng)大能力及廣泛應(yīng)用。

、焊接

●Increase of bending fatigue resistance for tungsten inert gas welded SS400 steel plates using friction stir processing, Materials and Design 61 (2014) 275-280

●Practical examination of the welding residual stress in view of low-carbon steel welds, J MATER RES TECHNOL. 2020; 9(3): 2717–2726

●Investigation of the Residual Stress in a Multi-Pass T-Welded Joint Using Low Transformation Temperature Welding Wire, Materials 2021, 14, 325.

●Measurement of Residual Stress in Arc Welded Lap Joints by cosα X-ray Diffraction Method, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Volume 243, 2017, Pages 387-394

●Prediction of residual stresses induced by low transformation temperature weld wires and its validation using the contour method, Marine Structures 44 (2015) 232-253

●焊接工藝對SUS301L不銹鋼殘余應(yīng)力的影響，Electric Welding Machine Vol. 48 No. 3

●不銹鋼冷金屬過渡焊角接接頭應(yīng)力及變形規(guī)律研究，Electric Welding Machine Vol. 47 No. 12

二、鋁及鋁合金

●Influences of residual stresses and initial distortion on spring back prediction of 7B04-T651 aluminium plates in creep-age forming, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 103(2015) 115–126

●The influence of alloy composition on residual stresses in heat treated aluminium alloys, Materials Characterization 105 (2015) 47–55

●A parametric study of laser spot size and coverage on the laser shock peening induced residual stress in thin aluminium samples, The Journal of Engineering Volume 2015 Issue13

●Effect of cutting parameters on the residual stress distribution generated by pocket milling of 2219 aluminum alloy, Advances in Mechanical Engineering 2018 Vol. 10(12) 1–15

●Intermethod comparison and evaluation of near surface residual stress in aluminum parts subject to various milling parameters, 2019 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics Vol. 6

●Depth Profile of Residual Stresses to Analyze Textures in Extruded A6XXX, 2021 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 1121 012042

●Research on Corrosion Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior of Welded Joints of A7N01P-T4 Aluminum Alloys, Journal of Corrosion Science and Engineering. JCSE Volume 19, Paper 40

三、鈦及鈦合金

●Effect of coolant supplied through grinding wheel on residual stress of grinding surface, Advanced Materials Research Vol. 1017 (2014) pp 33-37

●Impacts of Machining and Heat Treating Practices on Residual Stresses in Alpha-Beta Titanium Alloys, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance volume 29, pages3626–3637 (2020)

●Distributional analysis of residual stresses with the Ti-6Al-4V internal trapezoidal thread torsional vibration extrusion, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology (2019) 105:4289–4307

四、鎳基合金

●X-ray Residual Stress Analysis of Nickel Base Alloys, Advanced Materials Research Vol. 922 (2014) pp 274-279

●Experimental Investigation of Principal Residual Stress and Fatigue Performance for Turned Nickel-Based Superalloy Inconel 718, Materials 2018, 11, 879

●Effects of Cutting Edge Microgeometry on Residual Stress in Orthogonal Cutting of Inconel 718 by FEM, Materials 2018, 11, 1015

●基于二維面探的高溫合金GH4169殘余應(yīng)力研究，表面技術(shù). 2016,45(04)

五、鎢合金

●Nanostructured laminar tungsten alloy with improved ductility by surface mechanical attrition treatment, Scientific Reports | 7: 1351 |

六、鎂合金

●The relationships between residual stress relaxation and texture development in AZ31 Mg alloys via the vibratory stress relief technique, Materials Characterization 99 (2015) 248–253

七、鋼鐵材料

●Residual Stresses and Dimensional Changes Related to the Lattice Parameter Changes of Heat-Treated JIS SKD 11 Tool Steels, Materials Transactions, Vol. 55, No. 5 (2014) pp. 831 to 837

●Effects of Pulsed Magnetic Fields of Different Intensities on Dislocation Density, Residual Stress, and Hardness of Cr4Mo4V Steel, Crystals 2020, 10, 115

●Effect of Lubrication and Forging Load on Surface Roughness, Residual Stress, and Deformation of Cold Forging Tools, Metals 2019, 9, 783

●Effects of fine particle peening on fatigue strength of a TRIP-aided martensitic steel, International Journal of Fatigue, Volume 100, Part 1, 2017, Pages 206-214

●Very High-Cycle Fatigue Properties and Residual Stress Relaxation of Micro-shot-Peened EA4T Axle Steel, J. of Materi Eng and Perform 28, 6407–6417 (2019)

●X-ray Residual Stress Analysis of Stainless Steel Using cosα Method, Advanced Materials Research Vol. 922 (2014) pp 167-172

●X-ray Stress Measurement of Ferritic Steel Using Fourier Analysis of Debye-Scherrer Ring, Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan, Vol. 64, No. 7, pp. 567-572

八、陶瓷材料

●基于快速面探測方法的碳化硅表面殘余應(yīng)力測量， Diamond & Abrasives Engineering No. 6, Vol. 38, Serial 228

九、高熵合金

●Modeling and optimization for laser cladding via multi-objective quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm, Surface and Coatings Technology, Volume 381, 2020, 125-129 

十、實(shí)際工程應(yīng)用

●Micro-Magnetic and Microstructural Characterization of Wear Progress on Case-Hardened 16MnCr5 Gear Wheels, Materials 2018, 11, 2290

●Integrated Forming and Surface Engineering of Disc Springs by Inducing Residual Stresses by Incremental Sheet Forming, Materials 2019, 12, 1646

●Determination of residual stresses for helical compression spring through Debye-Scherrer ring method, Materials Today: Proceedings, Volume 25, Part 4, 2020, Pages 654-658

●Study on the Influence of Metallic Powder in Near-Dry Electric Discharge Machining, Journal of Mechanical Engineering 66(2020)4, 243-253

●Shear cutting induced residual stresses in involute gears and resulting tooth root bending strength of a fineblanked gear, Archive of Applied Mechanics volume 91, pages 3679–3692 (2021)

●Damage Evaluation of Carburizing Gear for Remanufacturing, J. Japan Inst. Met. Mater. Vol. 85, No. 5 (2021), pp. 198–206

●在役球形儲罐殘余應(yīng)力檢測技術(shù)的應(yīng)用及展望，種設(shè)備安全技術(shù) 2019, (03)

編者：QUANTUM DESIGN中國公司于2015年將PULSTEC公司小而輕的便攜式X射線殘余應(yīng)力分析儀引進(jìn)中國，目前已在國內(nèi)銷售安裝多臺，客戶遍布高校、科研院所及各工業(yè)域。

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